A study of the vertical and short-range horizontal spatial distribution of leaf area index in broadleaved-Korean pine forest based on stratified Voronoi diagrams

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303050

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 83-94.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303050

Previous Articles Next Articles

A study of the vertical and short-range horizontal spatial distribution of leaf area index in broadleaved-Korean pine forest based on stratified Voronoi diagrams

DU Xin¹(), DONG Xue¹, GU Huiyan¹^,², CHEN Xiangwei¹^,²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of National;Forestry and Grassland Administration of Northeastern Forest Silviculture,College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
2. Liangshui National Key Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem of Heilongjiang Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yichun 153000, China

Received:2023-03-30 Accepted:2023-05-04 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: CHEN Xiangwei E-mail:1608898299@qq.com;chenxwnefu@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the vertical and short-range horizontal spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) in broadleaved-Korean pine forests and explore the application value of the stratified Voronoi diagram method in simulating the spatial distribution of LAI in multi-storey forest ecosystems.【Method】The study focused on the virgin broadleaved-Korean pine forest located on the downhill side of the core zone of Liangshui National Nature Reserve. The trees within the forest stand that reached the minimum diameter at breast height (5 cm) were divided into five height classes (Class Ⅰ, H < 10 m; Class Ⅱ, 10 m ≤ H < 15 m; Class Ⅲ, 15 m ≤ H < 20 m; Class Ⅳ, 20 m ≤ H < 25 m; Class Ⅴ, H ≥ 25 m).The Voronoi diagram method was used to simulate the spatial distribution of LAI in different height classes within the forest. The results were combined to form an overall spatial distribution of LAI for the forest stand. Furthermore, the overall characteristics of LAI at the forest stand scale were analyzed, including the vertical distribution patterns of LAI for different tree species and the entire forest stand. The short-range horizontal spatial autocorrelation patterns of LAI at different height classes and the overall forest stand were analyzed using the spatial semivariance function and incremental spatial autocorrelation method. 【Result】Three results were obtained. First, the overall LAI of the study plot was 10.807, with Pinus koraiensis, Acer momo, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis and Fraxinus mandshurica making the top five contributions to the stand LAI. The local LAI in the understorey varied within the range of 0-75, with 48.7% of the understorey having a LAI of 0. The probability density histogram of the LAI in the area with canopy cover had a single-peak distribution, with the peak between 15-25. Second, the LAI of broadleaved-Korean pine forest was 0.420, 2.420, 2.210, 2.707 and 3.050 from height class I to height class V respectively, with vertical distribution tendency degree of total LAI in the stand being 1.171 and the coefficient of variation of total LAI in different height classes being 47.3%. From height class Ⅰ to Ⅴ, the number of canopy patches was 53, 39, 12, 11, and 8 respectively. The LAI under the canopy patches of each species showed an increasing trend as the height level increased. Third, the Nugget value, Sill value, range and Nugget/Sill ratio of the spatial semi-variance function of LAI in broadleaved Korean pine forest were 4.770, 164.010, 5.108 m and 0.029, respectively. The LAI was similarly clustered at lag distances less than 27.0 m and greater than 38.5 m, and spatially random at lag distances between 27 m and 38.5 m (P<0.05). As the lag distance gradually increased, the Z-score of the LAI showed two peaks at 14 and 24 m.【Conclusion】The LAI of broadleaved-Korean pine forests in gentle slope positions exhibits distinct vertical stratification. The leaf area of different tree species tends to be distributed at different heights. For instance, Pinus koraiensis, Picea asperata, and Fraxinus mandshurica, as tall arbor species, have their leaf area concentrated in the upper canopy. On the other hand, Acer opalus and Ulmus, representing middle-sized and small-sized arbor species, have their leaf area concentrated in the lower canopy. The LAI of broadleaved-Korean pine forests in lower gentle slope positions exhibits strong short-range spatial autocorrelation in the horizontal direction. The horizontal spatial distribution of LAI within the forest stand was similarly clustered at most research scales, which is strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of trees.

Key words: broadleaved-Korean pine forest, leaf area index, Voronoi diagram, vertical distribution tendency degree, spatial autocorrelation

CLC Number:

S711

DU Xin, DONG Xue, GU Huiyan, CHEN Xiangwei. A study of the vertical and short-range horizontal spatial distribution of leaf area index in broadleaved-Korean pine forest based on stratified Voronoi diagrams[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2025, 49(3): 83-94.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

References 33

[1]	HAMRAZ H, CONTRERAS M A, ZHANG J. Vertical stratification of forest canopy for segmentation of understory trees within small-footprint airborne LiDAR point clouds[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2017, 130:385-392.DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.07.001.
[2]	方红亮. 森林垂直结构参数实测与遥感研究进展:以叶面积指数和聚集指数为例[J]. 科学通报, 2021, 66(24):3141-3153.
	FANG H L. Retrieval of forest vertical leaf area index and clumping index through field measurement and remote sensing techniques:a review[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(24):3141-3153.DOI: 10.1360/TB-2020-1057.
[3]	ZHANG L, GAO Y, LI J R, et al. Effects of grazing disturbance of spatial distribution pattern and interspecies relationship of two desert shrubs[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2022, 33(2):507-518.DOI: 10.1007/s11676-021-01353-5.
[4]	JIN Y H, XU J W, HE H S, et al. Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021,481:118746.DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118746.
[5]	RUIMY A, KERGOAT L, BONDEAU A, et al. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP):analysis of differences in light absorption and light-use efficiency[J]. Global Change Biology, 1999, 5(S1):56-64.DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00007.x.
[6]	LIU Q Y, ZHANG T L, DU M X, et al. A better carbon-water flux simulation in multiple vegetation types by data assimilation[J]. Forest Ecosystems, 2022,9:100013.DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100013.
[7]	贺康宁, 田阳, 张光灿. 刺槐日蒸腾过程的Penman-Monteith方程模拟[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(2):251-258.
	HE K N, TIAN Y, ZHANG G C. Modeling of the daily transpiration variaton in locust forest by Penman-Monteith equation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(2):251-258.
[8]	NIE W S, KUMAR S V, ARSENAULT K R, et al. Towards effective drought monitoring in the middle east and north Africa (MENA) region:implications from assimilating leaf area index and soil moisture into the Noah-MP land surface model for Morocco[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2022, 26(9):2365-2386.DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-2365-2022.
[9]	VORONOI G. Nouvelles applications des paramètres continus à la théorie des formes quadratiques.Premier mémoire.Sur quelques propriétés des formes quadratiques positives parfaites[J]. Journal Für Die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal), 1908(133):97-102.DOI: 10.1515/crll.1908.133.97.
[10]	汤孟平, 陈永刚, 施拥军, 等. 基于Voronoi图的群落优势树种种内种间竞争[J]. 生态学报, 2007, 27(11):4707-4716.
	TANG M P, CHEN Y G, SHI Y J, et al. Intraspecific and interspecific competition analysis of community dominant plant populations based on Voronoi diagram[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(11):4707-4716.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.11.039.
[11]	方景, 孙玉军, 郭孝玉, 等. 基于Voronoi图和Delaunay三角网的杉木游憩林空间结构[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(12):1-6.
	FANG J, SUN Y J, GUO X Y, et al. Stand spatial structure of Cunninghamia lanceolata recreational forest based on voronoi diagram and delaunay triangulated network[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(12):1-6.DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20141201.
[12]	GLATTHORN J. A spatially explicit index for tree species or trait diversity at neighborhood and stand level[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2021,130:108073.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108073.
[13]	徐化成. 中国红松天然林[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2001.
	XU H C. Natural forests of Pinus koraiensis in China[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2001.
[14]	国庆喜. 阔叶红松林林冠斑块特征及其与林木更新的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(12):1541-1543.
	GUO Q X. Characteristics of canopy patches related to natural regeneration of broad-leaved Korean pine forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(12):1541-1543.
[15]	惠刚盈, GADOW K V, 赵中华, 等. 结构化森林经营原理[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2016.
	HUI G Y, GADOW K V, ZHAO Z H, et al. Principles of structure-based forest management[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2016.
[16]	XU Z Z, DU W X, ZHOU G, et al. Aboveground biomass allocation and additive allometric models of fifteen tree species in northeast China based on improved investigation methods[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2022,505:119918.DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119918.
[17]	董利虎, 李凤日, 宋玉文. 东北林区4个天然针叶树种单木生物量模型误差结构及可加性模型[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(3):704-714.
	DONG L H, LI F R, SONG Y W. Error structure and additivity of individual tree biomass model for four natural conifer species in northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(3):704-714.DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.20150106.011.
[18]	LIU Z L, JIN G Z, QI Y J. Estimate of leaf area index in an old-growth mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in northeastern China[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(3):e32155.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032155.
[19]	周国逸, 尹光彩, 唐旭利, 等. 中国森林生态系统碳储量-生物量方程[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018.
	ZHOU G Y, YIN G C, TANG X L, et al. Equation for carbon storage and biomass in Chinese forest ecosystems[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2018.
[20]	吴炅, 蒋馥根, 彭邵锋, 等. 结合树冠体积的油茶树高与产量估测研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46(2):53-62.
	WU J, JIANG F G, PENG S F, et al. Estimating the tree height and yield of Camellia oleifera by combining crown volume[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 46(2):53-62.
[21]	MOU P, MITCHELL R J, JONES R H. Root distribution of two tree species under a heterogeneous nutrient environment[J]. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 1997, 34(3):645.DOI: 10.2307/2404913.
[22]	IKUEMONISAN F E, OZEBO V C, OLATINSU O B. Geostatistical evaluation of spatial variability of land subsidence rates in Lagos,Nigeria[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2020, 11(5):316-327.DOI: 10.1016/j.geog.2020.04.001.
[23]	孙厚云, 卫晓锋, 贾凤超, 等. 冀北承德地区土壤生源要素生态化学计量与空间分异特征[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(5):1750-1765.
	SUN H Y, WEI X F, JIA F C, et al. Spatial variation of ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil biogenic elements in Chengde City,northern Hebei Province,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(5):1750-1765.
[24]	RAN H Z, GUO Z H, YI L W, et al. Pollution characteristics and source identification of soil metal(loid)s at an abandoned arsenic-containing mine,China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,413:125382.DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125382.
[25]	MORAN P A P. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena[J]. Biometrika, 1950, 37(1/2):17-23.DOI: 10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17.
[26]	许开宏, 施招, 马磊超, 等. 基于机载激光雷达与高景一号数据的草原地上生物量反演研究[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(5):40-49.
	XU K H, SHI Z, MA L C, et al. Retrieval of grassland aboveground biomass based on airborne LiDAR and SuperView-1 data[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(5):40-49.
[27]	LEBLANC S G, CHEN J M. A practical scheme for correcting multiple scattering effects on optical LAI measurements[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2001, 110(2):125-139.DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00284-2.
[28]	欧建德. 杈干现象对南方红豆杉树冠形态、生长和形质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(2):87-94.
	OU J D. Effects of forking on the crown morphology,growth and form quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2023, 47(2):87-94.
[29]	冷寒冰, 景军, 奉树成. 上海两种常绿阔叶树种生物量分配及异速生长模型[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(12):3590-3596.
	LENG H B, JING J, FENG S C. Biomass distribution and allometric model of two evergreen broad-leaved tree species in Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(12):3590-3596.DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.201812.002.
[30]	OGÉE J, BRUNET Y, LOUSTAU D, et al. MuSICA,a CO₂,water and energy multilayer,multileaf pine forest model:evaluation from hourly to yearly time scales and sensitivity analysis[J]. Global Change Biology, 2003, 9(5):697-717.DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00628.x.
[31]	李文华. 东北天然林研究[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2011.
	LI W H. Northeastern natural forest research[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2011.
[32]	邬建国. 景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M]. 2版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007.
	WU J G. Landscape ecology[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2007.
[33]	李婷婷, 姬兰柱, 于大炮, 等. 东北阔叶红松林群落分类、排序及物种多样性比较[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(2):620-628.
	LI T T, JI L Z, YU D P, et al. Forest community classification,ordination,and comparison of species diversity in broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forests of northeast China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(2):620-628.DOI: 10.5846/stxb201802080339.

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

树种 tree species	模型 model	叶生物量方程来源 sources of leaf biomass equation	比叶面积来源 sources of specific leaf area
红松Pinus koraiensis	I_LA=0.043 21×1.831 D/108.786/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
紫椴Tilia amurensis	I_LA=0.025 4×1.632 D/33.583/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
糠椴T. mandshurica	I_LA=0.010 34×1.797 D/27.086/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica	I_LA=0.104 65×1.417 D/57.241/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
黄檗Phellodendron amurense	I_LA=0.015 46×1.758 D/38.184/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
色木槭Acer momo	I_LA=0.029 83×1.681 D/30.300/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
青楷槭Acer tegmentosum	I_LA=0.076 52×1.511 D/34.425/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
春榆Ulmus davidiana var. japonica	I_LA=0.049 97×1.530 D/61.778/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
白桦Betula platyphylla	I_LA=0.024 91×1.913 D/47.379/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
朝鲜槐Maackia amurensis	I_LA=0.042 55×1.635 D/38.858/1 000×A_CP	[16]	[16]
臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis	I_LA=exp(-4.173 0+2.071 3×ln D)×7.096/A_CP	[17]	[18]
云杉Picea asperata	I_LA=exp(-3.576 4+1.980 1×ln D)×4.984/A_CP	[17]	[18]
花楷槭Acer ukurunduense	I_LA=0.008 1×2.341 8 D×37.899/A_CP	[19]	[18]
硕桦Betula costata	I_LA=0.008 1×2.341 8 D×19.744/A_CP	[19]	[18]
裂叶榆Ulmus laciniata	I_LA=0.008 1×2.341 8 D×30.016/A_CP	[19]	[18]
其他树种others	I_LA=0.008 1×2.341 8 D×26.63/A_CP	[19]	[18]

树种 tree species	高度级Ⅰ height classⅠ	高度级Ⅱ height classⅡ	高度级Ⅲ height classⅢ	高度级Ⅳ height classⅣ	高度级Ⅴ height classⅤ	垂直分布倾向度V	变异系数/% CV
红松Pinus koraiensis	0.014	—	—	0.548	2.848	1.608	180.864
臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis	0.040	0.055	—	—	—	0.526	139.747
云杉Picea asperata	0.009	—	—	0.118	0.201	1.510	138.227
紫椴T. amurensis	0.071	0.849	0.156	—	—	0.693	167.322
糠椴T. mandshurica	—	0.176	—	—	—	0.667	223.607
水曲柳F. mandshurica	—	0.096	0.244	0.599	—	1.179	133.442
黄檗Phellodendron amurense	—	0.023	—	—	—	0.667	223.607
色木槭Acer momo	0.178	0.725	1.233	—	—	0.831	126.334
青楷槭Acer tegmentosum	0.032	—	—	—	—	0.333	223.607
花楷槭Acer ukurunduense	0.032	—	—	—	—	0.333	223.607
春榆U.davidiana var. japonica	0.018	—	—	—	—	0.333	223.607
裂叶榆U. laciniata	0.008	0.332	—	—	—	0.659	217.090
白桦B. platyphylla	0.016	0.058	0.474	0.763	—	1.171	130.276
硕桦B. costata	—	—	—	0.335	—	1.333	223.607
朝鲜槐M. amurensis	—	0.06	—	—	—	0.667	223.607
其他others	—	0.044	0.103	0.344	—	1.204	146.393
总体total	0.420	2.420	2.210	2.707	3.050	1.171	47.347

树种 tree species		各高度级树冠斑块数 plaque number of crowns in different height class								各高度级树冠下叶面积指数 LAI under crowns in different height class
树种 tree species		Ⅰ		Ⅱ		Ⅲ		Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅰ		Ⅱ			Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
红松Pinus koraiensis		3		—		—		2	7	2.197±0.183		—			—	20.294	23.373±4.950
冷杉Abies nephrolepis		17		2		—		—	—	1.102±0.313		5.593			—	—	—
云杉Picea asperata		2		—		—		1	1	1.960		—			—	8.058	11.866
紫椴T. amurensis		5		15		1		—	—	6.636±1.733		10.429±4.710			18.124	—	—
糠椴T. mandshurica		—		3		—		—	—	—		12.718±4.243			—	—	—
水曲柳F. mandshurica		—		2		2		3	—	-		8.838			15.982	15.659±2.973	—
黄檗Phellodendron amurense		—		1		-		—	—	-		4.783			—	—	—
色木槭Acer momo		15		10		5		—	—	5.173±1.237		15.234±7.632			31.095±8.081	—	—
青楷槭Acer tegmentosum		2		—		—		—	—	6.942		—			—	—	—
花楷槭Acer ukurunduense		1		—		—		—	—	3.739		—			—	—	—
春榆U. davidiana var. japonica		3		—		—		—	—	2.907±0.529		—			—	—	—
裂叶榆U. laciniata		3		3		—		—	—	5.572±3.076		22.227±12.402			—	—	—
白桦B. platyphylla	2		1		3		3		—		3.786		13.249	18.069±5.749		20.770±5.060	—
硕桦B. costata	—		—		—		1		—		—		—	—		31.953	—
朝鲜槐M. amurensis	—		1		—		—		—		—		8.988	—		—	—
其他others	—		1		1		1		—		—		6.128	25.773		26.254	—
总体total	53		39		12		11		8		3.597±2.391		12.184±6.989	23.803±9.001		19.649±6.855	21.935±6.128

A study of the vertical and short-range horizontal spatial distribution of leaf area index in broadleaved-Korean pine forest based on stratified Voronoi diagrams

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 33

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer

[1]	DU Xin, DONG Xue, GU Huiyan, CHEN Xiangwei. Diffuse radiation environment of regeneration seedlings and saplings under a broadleaved-Korean pine forest [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(6): 145-156.
[2]	HE Ping, YU Ying, FAN Wenyi, YANG Xiguang. Remote sensing estimation of plantation canopy closure based on 4-Scale model [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 23-30.
[3]	ZHANG Ruiting, YANG Jinyan, RUAN Honghua. Meta-analyses of responses of sap flow to changes in environmental factors [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(5): 113-120.
[4]	CHEN Chao, QI Fei, XU Yannan, LI Jiazuo, ZHAO Chuanpu, SU Xinyu. Sampling methods of soil erosion at county scale based on spatial autocorrelation [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(3): 177-184.
[5]	MA Yongchun, SHE Chengqi, FANG Shengzuo. Effects of pruning methods on growth, photosynthetic leaf area and plumpness of trunk segment in poplar plantations [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 137-142.
[6]	SONG Shuang, XU Dawei, SHI Mengxi, HU Shanshan. Spatial and temporal evolution of landscape ecological health in Naolihe Basin [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(2): 177-186.
[7]	WANG Zhou. Spatial modeling and grade evaluation of forest and grass fire danger in Yunnan Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(2): 141-149.
[8]	HAN Yuna, ZHANG Yu, JIN Guangze. Effects of decay class and diameter class on moisture content and wood density in a typical mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(2): 133-140.
[9]	DAI Tingting, XU Ming, XU Yannan. Spatio-temporal distribution charasteristics and driving factors of rural settlements: a case study in Yixian, Anhui Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2018, 42(05): 155-162.
[10]	GAO Weifeng,SHI Baoku,JIN Guangze. Effect of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in the typical mixed broadleaved-korean pine forest [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2016, 40(01): 8-14.
[11]	ZHANG Yujia, YUAN Jinguo, ZHANG Sha. Spatial-temporal change of leaf area index(LAI)of vegetations in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2011 [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2015, 39(01): 86-92.
[12]	WANG Zhijie,, HE Liheng. Spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements at a county scale in plains [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(05): 60-64.
[13]	YUN Huiling,WANG Junhui, ZHAO Qiuling, LI Yinmei. Seasonal variability in leaf area index and canopy gap fraction of Catalpa bungei [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(02): 59-64.
[14]	WU Guoxun,RUAN Honghua,LI Xianfeng,JU Weimin,GENG Jun. Spatial-temporal variations of leaf area index(LAI)in Jiangxi province during 2000—2011 based on MODIS data [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(01): 11-17.
[15]	ZHANG Jiayang, SUN Rubin, HU Haibo. Research on model of canopy interception of bamboo forest in northern subtropical area [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2011, 35(04): 58-62.