The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 295-303.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048

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The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

LIU Yanfen¹^,²(), HUANG Ruxian¹^,², AI Jinwen¹^,², YANG Liuqing¹^,², YU Kunyong¹^,³, LIU Jian¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. University Key Laboratory for 3S Technology and Optimized Utilization of Resources in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2022-08-19 Revised:2022-11-20 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Urban park represent an important land use strategy to mitigate the urban heat island effect. In this study, we analyzed the influences of urban park landscape features on the cold-island effect. We also determined the scale threshold of urban parks based on the urban park cooling threshold (TVoE) concept to assess the ability of urban parks to mitigate the urban thermal environment. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for designing urban parks that can mitigate the thermal environment with maximum efficiency. 【Method】 Using surface temperatures and land use data extracted from Landsat remote sensing image inversion, the buffer zone method was applied to calculate the characteristics of the cold-island effect in urban parks. We then quantified the cold-island effect in urban parks in Fuzhou City from three perspectives: cooling distance, magnitude, and gradient, and analyzed its influencing factors based on the landscape characteristics of urban parks. 【Result】 (1) Urban parks in Fuzhou City exhibited obvious cold-island effects. Specifically, the characteristic cooling distance was 0.1-0.6 km, the cooling magnitude was 0.02-8.50 ℃, and the cooling gradient was 0.04-17.00 ℃/km. (2) The temperature in urban parks and the cold-island effect index were negatively correlated with the area, perimeter, and shape index. According to the fitting results of the park temperature and cooling gradient curves, the urban park area threshold ranges from 0.768 to 50 hm². (3) There were differences in the degree of the cold-island effect related to the ratios of green space and water body areas in urban parks. Based on the cold-island effect characteristics achieved by the smallest urban park area (0.768 hm²), the total green space and water body areas in urban parks with water bodies were greater than 53.39%, whereas the total green space area in urban parks without water bodies was greater than 72.46%. 【Conclusion】 The landscape characteristics of urban parks influence the cold-island effect and have threshold intervals. The design process for urban parks in Fuzhou City should control their areas in the range of 0.768-50 hm². Landscape design that addresses green space and water areas and distributions would maximize the benefits of mitigating the urban thermal environment, thereby improving urban habitats in the limited urban landscape.

Key words: urban park, cold island effect, buffer zone analysis, cooling threshold, Fuzhou City

CLC Number:

TU985

LIU Yanfen, HUANG Ruxian, AI Jinwen, YANG Liuqing, YU Kunyong, LIU Jian. The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(3): 295-303.

Figures/Tables 9

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Table 1

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References 33

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冷岛效应特征 characterization of the cold island effect	面积 area	周长 perimeter	形状指数 shape index
MCD	0.340^**	0.496^**	0.358^**
MCM	0.473^**	0.545^**	0.272^*
MCG	0.388^**	0.448^**	0.214

序号 No.	公园名称 park name	面积占比/% precentage of area		形状指数 shape index		序号 No.	公园名称 park name	面积占比/% percentage of area		形状指数 shape index
序号 No.	公园名称 park name	绿地 green space	水体 water	绿地 green space	水体 water	序号 No.	公园名称 park name	绿地 green space	水体 water	绿地 green space	水体 water
1	牛岗山公园	97.77	1.41	1.71	1.33	17	高盖山公园	93.98	1.03	3.92	3.20
2	黎明湖公园	36.51	58.09	4.74	2.75	18	夏雨苑公园	45.45	12.83	2.53	3.50
3	天马山公园	93.79	0.08	1.96	1.00	19	飞凤山公园	92.88	0.04	3.19	1.00
4	琴亭湖公园	40.75	43.52	5.17	2.85	20	金山公园	67.58	23.59	5.52	5.15
5	温泉公园	76.57	14.58	3.95	3.00	21	光明港公园	88.94	4.26	5.24	4.69
6	西湖公园	38.48	53.57	5.79	3.62	22	梅峰山湿地公园	91.33	0.04	3.16	1.00
7	茶亭公园	70.45	16.48	3.04	2.27	23	福山郊野公园	86.45	0.20	6.13	1.70
8	白马河公园	67.83	12.97	5.09	4.80	24	洋下公园	54.39	3.51	1.33	1.33
9	左海公园	46.10	43.64	4.90	3.67	25	井店湖公园	8.37	55.35	2.78	1.32
10	屏山公园	85.12	1.76	3.60	1.78	26	城门山	94.10	0.65	3.66	1.25
11	晋安河公园	20.34	33.05	3.00	2.31	27	清凉山	96.68	0.06	2.98	1.17
12	侨乡公园	93.57		1.70		28	金牛山	96.57		3.75
13	金牛山公园	98.21		1.43		29	长安山公园	81.24		2.50
14	千家山公园	98.11		1.72		30	亚峰公园	81.05		1.96
15	金鸡山公园	92.16		4.61		31	五凤公园	99.13		1.94
16	乌山风景区	72.47		3.20		32	大腹山	98.27		2.54

The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

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